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The Ideal Gas Equation

The molecules that make up an ideal gas are in constant random motion. Assumptions:Collisions are elastic, the size of the molecules are negligible compared to the volume of the gas and there are no intermolecular forces.The ideal gas equation is:

pV = nRT


where p is the pressure in Pa, V is the volume in m3, n is the number of moles, T is the temperature in kelvin and the molar gas constant R = 8.314 Jmol-1K-1.
The molar gas volume Vm is the volume per mole of gas molecules at a stated temperature and pressure.
Many experiments are carried out at room temperature and pressure (rtp) of 20°C and 1 atm of pressure (101kPa).At rtp, 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm3.To calculate the volume at rtp, work out the number of moles and then multiply by 24dm3

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Specification: AQA Chemistry (7404), AS-level, 3.1.2.3 The ideal gas equation. Topic: Amount of Substance.

Key terms in this lesson

Mole
The amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12.
Molar gas volume
The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at a stated temperature and pressure.

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