Alkenes react readily with halogens at room temperature and in the dark. The reaction of alkenes with bromine is used as a test for a C=C double bond. Alkenes will turn bromine water from orange to colourless. The mechanism of the reaction is electrophilic addition.When the non-polar bromine molecule approaches the alkene in a particular orientation, the repulsion of the bonding pair of electrons by the electron dense region of the C=C double bond causes heterolytic fission. The positive Br+ ion then forms a bond with the π electrons and a carbocation and negative bromide ion remains. The negative bromide ion forms a bond with the positive carbon ion forming a dibromoalkane.Alkenes react with chlorine and iodine in a similar way.
Reaction with Halogens
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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level. Topic: Alkenes.
More in Alkenes
- Bonding in Alkenes
- Stereoisomerism in Alkenes
- Reactions of Alkenes
- Hydrogenation
- Reaction with Hydrogen Halides
- Reaction with Steam
- Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols
- Addition Polymerisation
All 11 lessons in Alkenes · All OCR A-level Chemistry topics