Electromagnetic radiation can harm people if they are exposed to too much of it. The harm depends on the type of radiation, and each type affects the body in a different way.
- Microwaves: the cells of the body absorb the energy, which causes internal heating of body cells.
- Infrared: too much exposure causes skin burns.
- Ultraviolet: damages surface cells and the eyes, which can lead to skin cancer and eye conditions.
- X-rays and gamma rays: cause mutation or damage to cells in the body, which can lead to cancer.
The higher the frequency of the radiation, the more energy it carries, so ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays are the most hazardous. This is why people limit time in strong sunlight and why X-ray workers use protection.