Cells in Series
If the cells are connected in the same direction, the net e.m.f. is the sum of the individual e.m.f. s

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Key terms in this lesson
- Electromotive force
- The electrical energy produced per unit charge by a source, such as a cell, in driving current around a circuit.
- Potential difference
- The energy transferred per unit charge as charge moves between two points in a circuit.
- Resistance
- The ratio of the potential difference across a component to the current flowing through it, measured in ohms.
- Internal resistance
- The resistance within a source of e.m.f., such as a cell, which causes a loss of potential difference, or lost volts, when current flows through it.
More in Direct Current Circuits
- Resistance Heating
- Internal Resistance
- Power
- Measuring Internal Resistance
- Cells In Parallel
- Diodes in Circuits
- The Potential Divider - Fixed p.d.
- The Potential Divider - Variable p.d.
All 15 lessons in Direct Current Circuits · All AQA AS-level Physics topics