DNA is a natural condensation polymer. Its monomers are nucleotides, and each nucleotide is made of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.Nucleotides join by condensation reactions between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next, with water removed. This forms a sugar-phosphate backbone.There are four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). Two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, A with T and C with G.The two strands twist to form a double helix. Like other condensation polymers, DNA can be broken down by hydrolysis.
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Specification: OCR Chemistry A (H432), A-level. Topic: DNA.
Key terms in this lesson
- condensation reaction
- A reaction in which two molecules join together with the elimination of a small molecule, usually water.
- hydrolysis
- The breaking of a covalent bond by reaction with water, or with hydroxide ions in alkaline hydrolysis.
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