BRAINCAKECarbon-Carbon Bond Formation
Revision notes for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation in OCR Chemistry A (H432). Read the start of any lesson here, then sign in free for the whole lesson, the R.E.C.I.P.E. recall steps and the quiz.
- Carbon-Carbon Bond FormationMany synthetic targets, such as medicines, have longer carbon chains than the starting materials available.
- Nitriles from HaloalkanesHaloalkanes react with cyanide ions to form nitriles, compounds containing the -C≡N group.
- Hydroxynitriles from CarbonylsAldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide, HCN, to form hydroxynitriles, which contain both an -OH group and a -C≡N group on the same carbon.
- Reduction of Nitriles to AminesNitriles contain the −C≡N group.
- Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Carboxylic AcidsA nitrile can also be converted into a carboxylic acid by hydrolysis, a reaction in which water breaks bonds in the molecule.
- Extending Carbon Chains on BenzeneBenzene is very stable, but a new carbon−carbon bond can be formed to its ring by Friedel-Crafts reactions.
- AmidesAn amide contains the group −CONH−: a carbonyl group, C=O, bonded directly to a nitrogen atom.
- Naming AmidesAmides are named from the parent carboxylic acid.