BRAINCAKEDirecting Effects in Aromatic Substitution
When a benzene ring that already has one substituent undergoes electrophilic substitution, the existing group affects where the new group goes. This is called a directing effect.
The ring carbons are numbered from the carbon carrying the first substituent, which is carbon 1. Positions 2 and 6 are next to it, positions 3 and 5 are one further away, and position 4 is opposite. In a monosubstituted benzene, 2 and 6 are equivalent, as are 3 and 5.
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All 16 lessons in Benzene · All OCR A-level Organic Chemistry topics