BRAINCAKEReaction with Ammonia
Hydrogen halides all react with ammonia gas to form white ionic salts.
NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4Cl (s)
Ammonia acts as a base. The nitrogen atom in NH3 has a lone pair of electrons, which accepts a proton (H+) from the hydrogen halide. This forms the ammonium ion, NH4+, and a halide ion. The new N-H bond is a dative covalent (coordinate) bond, because both electrons in it come from the nitrogen.
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Key terms in this lesson
- lone pair
- A pair of outer shell electrons on an atom that is not involved in bonding.
More in Group 7
- Halogen-Halide Displacement Reactions
- Halogen Disproportionation Reactions
- Reaction of Halides with Sulfuric Acid
- Sodium Chloride
- Sodium Bromide
- Sodium Iodide
- Test for Halide Ions
- Hydrogen Halides as Acids
All 14 lessons in Group 7 · All Edexcel AS-level Chemistry topics