In humans, there are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. 22 pairs are called autosomes and there is a pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes and males have an X and a Y chromosome. The Y chromosome has few genes. All mammals would develop as females in the absence of the genes on the Y chromosome which stimulate primary sexual development in the embryo.As females are XX and have two X chromosomes (the homogametic sex) if there is a faulty gene on one of the X chromosomes this will be masked by a functioning gene on the other as long as the allele is recessive. As males only have one X chromosome and are XY (the heterogametic sex) any faulty genes on the X chromosome will not be masked.
Sex Linkage
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Specification: OCR Biology A (H420), A-level, 6.1.2 Patterns of inheritance. Topic: Genetics and Variation.
Key terms in this lesson
- Allele
- One of the different forms of a gene, arising from mutation, that occupies the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
- Linkage
- The tendency of genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together rather than assorting independently.
More in Genetics and Variation
- Body Mass
- Genetic Variation
- Continuous and Discontinuous Variation
- Genetic Cross
- Dihybrid Crosses
- Linkage
- Χ-squared Test
- Epistasis
All 41 lessons in Genetics and Variation · All OCR A-level Biology topics